Essential fatty acid

Definition:

These are polyunsaturated fatty acid which are not produced in human body and must be supplied with diet.

Essential fatty acids:

·        Linoleic acid

·        Linolenic acid

·        Arachidonic acid

Common sources of essential fatty acid:

·        Vegetable oil

·        Fish oil

·        Cod liver oil

·        Egg yolk

Biologic importance of essential fatty acid:

·        Acts as precursor of eicosanoids

·        Acts as a component of biological membrane and maintain its fluidity

·        Reduce plasma cholesterol by increasing cholesterol excretion in bile and cholesterol oxidation to bile acid and thereby reduces the risk of coronary artery disease.

·        Helps in gonadal functions, reproduction and growth.

·        Supports oxidative phosphorylation in respiratory chain of mitochondria since EFA is the structural element of mitochondrial membrane.

·        Helps in vision because docosahexaenic acid derived from linolenic acid is a component of retinal photo receptor membrane.

Deficiency manifestations of essential fatty acid:

·        Dermatitis

·        Degenerative changes in arterial wall

·        Impaired gonadal function

·        Fatty liver

·        Poor wound healing and hair loss

·        Faulty vision.