Causes of hyponatraemia

1.      Hyponatraemia with normal ECF volume

a)      Abnormal ADH release

b)     Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

c)      Stress

d)     Psychogenic polydypsia

2.      Hyponatraemia with decreased ECF volume

a)      Vomiting

b)     Diarrhea

c)      Haemorrhagic

d)     Osmotic dieresis

e)      Adrenocortical insufficiency

3.      Hyponatraemia with increased ECF volume (Dilutional Hyponatraemia)

a)      Cardiac failure

b)     Liver failure

c)      Nephrotic syndrome

d)     Renal failure

e)      Diuretics