Inflammation, even if it is localized, is associated with cytokine-induced systemic reactions that are collectively called the acute-phase response.
1. Fever: Cytokines (TNF, IL-1) stimulate production of PGs in hypothalamus.
2. Production of acute-phase proteins: C-reactive protein & others; synthesis stimulated by cytokines (IL-6 & others) acting on liver cells.
3. Leukocytosis: Cytokines (CSFs) stimulate production of leukocytes from precursors in the bone marrow.
4. In some severe infections, septic shock: Fall in blood pressure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, metabolic abnormalities; induced by high levels of TNF and other cytokines.
