Apoptosis result from the activation of enzymes called caspases. Like many proteases, casepases exist as inactive proenzymes or zymogens and must undergo enzymatic cleavage to become active.
The process of apoptosis may be divided into an Initiation phase during which some caspases become catalytically active and an execution phase during which other caspases trigger the degradation of critical cellular components. The activation of caspases depends on a finely tuned balance between production of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins.
Two distinct pathways converge on caspase activation:
A. The mitochondrial pathway
B. The death receptor pathway
The mitochondrial pathway or the intrinsic pathway is the major mechanism of apoptosis in all mammalian cells. It results from increased permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane with consequent release of death inducing.
The process of apoptosis may be divided into an Initiation phase during which some caspases become catalytically active and an execution phase during which other caspases trigger the degradation of critical cellular components. The activation of caspases depends on a finely tuned balance between production of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins.
Two distinct pathways converge on caspase activation:
A. The mitochondrial pathway
B. The death receptor pathway
The mitochondrial pathway or the intrinsic pathway is the major mechanism of apoptosis in all mammalian cells. It results from increased permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane with consequent release of death inducing.
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