What is carbohydrate? Classify Carbohydrate.

Carbohydrate:
The compound which on hydrolysis produces the substances having aldehyde or ketone functional group.

Classification:
1. Monosaccharide or simple sugar.

• The simplest form of carbohydrate which cannot be hydrolyzed further into further simple form of carbohydrate.
• These are of 3 to 9 carbons and serve as building blocks of all carbohydrate.
• Pentoses and Hexoses are the monosaccharides of greatest biological importance.
• Example: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose, Ribose, Ribulose etc.

2. Disaccharide

• Carbohydrate produced by condensation of two monosaccharide units by glycosidic bond.
• Sugars that produce two molecules of same or different monosaccharide on hydrolysis.
• Example: Maltose (Consists of two glucose molecules)

                        Lactose (Consists of one glucose and one galactose)
                       Sucrose (Consists of one glucose and one Fructose)
3. Oligosaccharide

• Carbohydrate produced by condensation of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units by glycosidic bond.
• Example: Maltotriose, Raffinose, Blood group substances.

4. Polysaccharide:

• Polymer of monosaccharide composed of more than 10 monosaccharide units connected by glycosidic bond.
• Example: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Mucopolysaccharide, Glycoprotein.